Urban Policy Research · Strategy · Evaluation

Building cities that work for the people who live in them.

Azurest Associates is a national consultancy that helps foundations, governments, and community-based organizations design, finance, and evaluate urban initiatives grounded in evidence and accountable to communities.

We measure urban policy by a single question — whether the people already there remain to benefit from the change. Everything we research, design, and evaluate begins there.

Why Azurest

The rigor of a research institute. The agility of a partner who shows up.

National think tanks produce excellent analysis from a distance. We pair that analytical depth with embedded, community-based practice — so the evidence we generate is usable, the strategy is implementable, and the evaluation tells you what actually changed on the ground.

01 — Embedded, not extractive

Community-grounded method

We design with community-based organizations and residents as knowledge partners, not subjects. Three decades of participatory research means our recommendations are trusted by the people expected to live with them.

02 — Held to the standard of the field

Research that withstands scrutiny

Our principals have led federally funded research and testified before Congress, and we bring that same standard — careful design, spatial analysis, mixed methods — to work at every scale, whether the client is a single neighborhood or a national agency.

03 — Idea to implementation to impact

The full arc, one team

Most firms hand off between strategy, financing, and evaluation. We carry an initiative from concept and feasibility through funding strategy and into rigorous evaluation — so nothing is lost in translation.

What we do

Services built for the full life of an urban initiative.

Engage us for a single study or a multi-year partnership. Each service stands alone and connects seamlessly to the next.

/ 01

Applied Policy Research

Original research that answers the question in front of you — needs assessments, market and feasibility studies, baseline and resident surveys, spatial and demographic analysis, and policy landscape reviews that withstand peer and public review.

Feasibility studiesResident surveysSpatial analysisPolicy reviews
/ 02

Strategy & Planning

Long-range strategic plans, equitable development frameworks, and governance and implementation roadmaps. We have authored citywide plans and the policy frameworks that municipal leaders adopt to guide housing trust funds, inclusionary zoning, and mixed-income development.

Comprehensive plansEquitable developmentImplementation roadmaps
/ 03

Funding & Financing Strategy

Grant strategy, proposal development, and capital and value-capture financing structures. Our principals have secured and stewarded significant federal and foundation funding across their careers, and advise clients on unlocking public investment for housing and infrastructure.

Grant developmentValue captureCapital strategyIncentive reform
/ 04

Program & Policy Evaluation

Independent, methodologically rigorous evaluation — process, outcome, and impact — including mixed-income and HOPE VI assessments, guaranteed-income studies, and disaster-mitigation reviews. We tell you what worked, for whom, and why.

Impact evaluationMixed methodsTheory of change
/ 05

Stakeholder & Community Engagement

Coalition building, deliberative public processes, and facilitation that brings residents, agencies, developers, and funders to the same table. We have led public participation reaching hundreds of residents, city councils, and mayors.

Coalition buildingFacilitationPublic participation
/ 06

Executive Advisory & Briefings

Trusted counsel for mayors, agency directors, and foundation program officers — executive briefings, expert testimony, and decision-ready analysis. Our principals have testified before the U.S. Congress and briefed leadership at the highest levels.

Expert testimonyBoard & cabinet briefingsIntergovernmental relations
Where we focus

Practice areas at the national scale.

We concentrate where cities feel the most pressure — and where the right intervention changes lives.

Housing & Affordability

Affordable and mixed-income housing, public-housing transformation, anti-displacement strategy, inclusionary zoning, shared-equity homeownership, and guaranteed-income approaches to housing stability.

Land Use & Development

Zoning and land-use reform, transit-oriented development, neighborhood revitalization, value-capture districts, and the property and ownership dynamics that shape who benefits from growth.

Environment & Resilience

Disaster mitigation and floodplain policy, climate adaptation, environmental justice, and the human dimensions of environmental change in urban and peri-urban communities.

Equity & Community Development

Racial and spatial equity analysis, community-based participatory research, neighborhood governance, and the design of programs that build power and opportunity where they have been withheld.

How we work

A process designed to be used, not shelved.

Our engagements move through five disciplined phases. Every deliverable is built to inform a decision and to be implemented by the people we hand it to.

1

Listen & Frame

We start on the ground — with residents, staff, and data — to define the real question, not the assumed one.

2

Investigate

Mixed-methods research and analysis sized to the decision, the budget, and the standard of evidence required.

3

Design

Strategy, policy, and financing options modeled for feasibility and tested against equity and implementation realities.

4

Implement

We stay through execution — building coalitions, briefing decision-makers, and translating plans into action.

5

Evaluate

Independent evaluation closes the loop, documenting impact and feeding the next cycle of improvement.

Experience

Careers spent inside the institutions that shape American cities.

Between them, the principals have directed federally supported research, counseled mayors and agency leadership, and added to the body of scholarship their own field relies upon. Two have testified before the United States Congress.

We note it here, once, and let the work speak for the rest.

Honors & recognition

Work the field — and the federal government — has chosen to recognize.

Our principals have been invited to testify, trusted to steer their disciplines' journals, and selected through competitive federal review. A few of the markers we're proud of.

Congressional Testimony
Before the U.S. Congress
Editorial Leadership
City & Community · JUA · Cityscape
Competitive Innovation Award
U.S. Army · xTechHBCU
Federal & Foundation Sponsorship
NSF · HUD · FEMA · VTRC/VDOT
2024

Thriving, Not Just Surviving

Final policy report adopted across POAH Communities and presented to the Aspen Institute — a culmination of 15+ years of documented collaboration.

Commissioned ReportFraser & Oakley
2021

xTechHBCU Innovation Award, U.S. Army

Selected through the U.S. Army's competitive xTechHBCU technology challenge for applied data-science research.

Competitive AwardDr. Yoo
2018–21

Editor-in-Chief, City & Community

Led the flagship urban-sociology journal of the American Sociological Association; previously Managing Editor of the Journal of Urban Affairs.

Editorial LeadershipDr. Oakley
2013

Guest Editors, Cityscape Special Issue

Curated HUD's Cityscape special issue on the policy assumptions and lived realities of mixed-income housing.

Editorial LeadershipFraser & Oakley
2010

Testimony to the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services

"Legislative Proposals to Preserve Public Housing," before the Subcommittee on Housing and Community Opportunity — one of two occasions principals have testified before Congress.

Policy InfluenceDr. Oakley
Ongoing

Cited in Federal Rule-Making

FEMA-funded floodplain-buyout research informing rule-making under the National Flood Insurance Reform Act.

Policy InfluenceDr. Fraser
Our team

Senior researchers and advisors who have done the work — at every level of government.

Azurest is led by four principals with complementary strengths across research, financing, evaluation, and quantitative method, working from offices in Richmond–Petersburg, Atlanta, and Denver — supported by a bench of affiliated associates across disciplines.

Dr. James C. Fraser

Principal · Research & Policy
Richmond, VA

An urban sociologist who has spent his career translating evidence into equitable city policy. Has led NSF, HUD, and FEMA research, testified before the U.S. Congress on public housing, and authored the equitable-development framework adopted by the City of Nashville.

Congressional testimonyNSF · HUD · FEMAEquitable development

Dr. Dong Kyoon Yoo

Principal · Data Science & Quantitative Method
Richmond–Petersburg, VA

Full Professor of Computer Information Systems at Virginia State University, with nearly two decades integrating econometric modeling, data analytics, and generative AI for public-interest decision-making. Leads causal-inference design — difference-in-differences and synthetic control — and builds evidence-grounded spatial decision-support tools. Holds a VTRC/VDOT-funded transportation-analytics record and mentors the Data Science for the Public Good program.

Causal inferenceVTRC · VDOT analyticsDecision-support systemsData Science for the Public Good

Dr. Deirdre A. Oakley

Principal · Evaluation & Method
Atlanta, GA

Professor of Sociology at Georgia State University and affiliated faculty at its Urban Studies Institute. A nationally recognized authority on public-housing transformation and neighborhood change, she testified before Congress and served as Editor-in-Chief of City & Community.

Congressional testimonyEditor-in-Chief, City & CommunityNSF · RWJF

David Schwartz

Principal · Strategy & Finance
Denver, CO

A Project Director with a 20-year consulting career across the U.S., Australia, and Canada. Advises governments, developers, and nonprofits on feasibility, financial structuring, value capture and incentive reform, and the funding strategies that unlock public investment in housing and infrastructure.

Feasibility & financeValue captureInternational practice

An interdisciplinary bench, assembled to fit your project.

Behind the principals sits a network of affiliated associates we convene to match each engagement — so clients get a team built for the problem, not a fixed roster billing for hours.

Urban PlanningEconomics & FinanceGeography & GIS Public PolicySociologyEnvironmental Science Survey MethodologyCommunity OrganizingData Science
Selected projects

A portfolio organized the way clients think — by the problem to be solved.

Studies, strategies, and evaluations our principals have led for federal, state, philanthropic, and community clients, grouped into the five themes where we do our deepest work. Select a theme to open it.

/ 01

Housing & Mixed-Income Equity

Making affordable and mixed-income housing work for the households it is meant to serve.
POAH Communities

Thriving, Not Just Surviving

How mixed-income neighborhoods can be made to work for low-income households, grounded in resident surveys across a national portfolio.

Fraser & Oakley
U.S. Dept. of Housing & Urban Development

HOPE VI & Public-Housing Transformation

Relocation outcomes, lived realities, and community-support components of public-housing redevelopment across multiple U.S. cities.

Oakley · Fraser
National Science Foundation

Shared-Equity Homeownership

Interrupting place-based inequality through shared-equity homeownership models.

Oakley, Co-PI
National Science Foundation

Forced Relocation & Neighborhood Change

Crime, social networks, and neighborhood change in the wake of forced public-housing relocation.

Oakley, Co-PI
City of Nashville · Metro Planning

Inclusionary Zoning Feasibility

A feasibility study and the equitable-development framework adopted by the Mayor's office to guide a housing trust fund and mixed-income development.

Fraser
/ 02

Opportunity Zones & Place-Based Investment

Who actually benefits when public incentives steer private capital into neighborhoods.
Virginia State University · Georgia State University

Richmond–Atlanta Opportunity Zone Study

A two-metro design tracing investor, developer, government, and renter experience in well-performing Opportunity Zone tracts, using matched difference-in-differences estimation.

Yoo · Oakley · Fraser
Practitioner Field Tool

OZ 2.0 Designation Toolkit

A practitioner's toolkit for designating, screening, and evaluating Opportunity Zone tracts for community benefit.

Core team
Methodological Core

Value-Capture Incidence Analysis

Decomposing who bears the cost and who captures the benefit of place-based tax incentives.

Schwartz · Oakley
/ 03

Transportation & Mobility Analytics

Data-science modeling and equity analysis for how people move through regions.
Virginia Transportation Research Council · VDOT

Transportation Analytics Program

A multi-phase program of econometric and data-science modeling supporting state transportation planning and investment decisions.

Yoo, PI
Partnership for Inclusive Innovation

Equitable Access to Active Transportation

Expanding equitable access to walking, biking, and active mobility in under-served communities.

Oakley, Co-PI
Urban Studies Institute

Micro-mobility Lab

Co-directed applied research on shared micro-mobility and its role in urban transportation systems.

Oakley
/ 04

Environment, Resilience & Rural Communities

The human dimensions of environmental risk, from floodplains to farm country.
Federal Emergency Management Agency

Repetitive-Loss Floodplain Mitigation

Place attachment and the decision-making behind floodplain buyout programs — informing rule-making under the National Flood Insurance Reform Act.

Fraser
Center for Agricultural Research, Engagement & Outreach

Agricultural Research, Engagement & Outreach

Seed research advancing rural engagement and outreach methods for agricultural communities.

Yoo, PI
/ 05

Data, Evaluation & Decision Support

Turning validated findings into tools and analysis that leaders can act on.
Decision-Support R&D

TRACT Decision-Support System

An evidence-grounded spatial decision-support tool that draws only on validated results from completed core analysis to guide practitioners and policymakers.

Yoo
Three-State Data for the Public Good

Data Science for the Public Good

Faculty-mentored applied analytics training the next generation of public-interest data scientists.

Yoo
Southern Poverty Law Center

Georgia Policy Landscape Analysis

Independent analysis of the state policy landscape to inform advocacy and program design.

Oakley, Co-PI
Contracts & sponsors

Trusted to hold federal contracts and foundation grants alike.

The agencies, philanthropies, and institutions that have commissioned and funded our principals' work.

Federal & State

  • U.S. Dept. of Housing & Urban Development
  • National Science Foundation
  • Federal Emergency Management Agency
  • U.S. Army · xTechHBCU
  • Virginia Transportation Research Council · VDOT

Foundations & Philanthropy

  • Mellon Foundation
  • Ford Foundation
  • Annie E. Casey Foundation
  • Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
  • Lyndhurst Foundation

Civic & Nonprofit

  • POAH Communities
  • NeighborWorks America
  • Southern Poverty Law Center
  • Partnership for Inclusive Innovation
  • Aspen Institute

Government & Regional

  • City of Nashville · Metro Planning
  • NC Governor's Crime Commission
  • Fulton County, Georgia
  • Three-State Data for the Public Good
  • Urban Studies Institute
Commission our services

Tell us about the city, the question, or the community you're working with.

Whether you need a single study or a multi-year partner, we'll respond within two business days with how we'd approach it — and an honest read on whether we're the right team.

Prefer email? Write to hello@azurestassociates.com.
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